Changes in United States Foreign Policy Facing Global Geopolitics

Changes in United States (US) foreign policy in the face of global geopolitics reflect complex dynamics involving various international actors. This phenomenon is influenced by changes in economic power, the military growth of other countries, and increasingly pressing environmental challenges. Since the end of the Cold War, the US has adapted to this new situation, shifting focus from direct military conflict to diplomacy and multilateral cooperation. One significant change is increased attention to Asia, especially China. China’s economic rise is forcing the US to change strategy. Through its “Indo-Pacific” policy, the US seeks to build alliances with regional countries such as Japan, India and Australia. The goal is to create a balance of power that deters aggressive Chinese expansion in the South China Sea. On the other hand, relations with Russia have also experienced drastic changes. The handling of the Ukraine issue and Russia’s intervention in several other regions shows that the US is trying to isolate Russia diplomatically. Economic sanctions are one of the main tools in this strategy. This approach involves not only unilateral US action but also collaboration with European countries to increase pressure on the Kremlin. In the context of the Middle East, changes in US foreign policy are visible in its approach towards Iran. The Iran Nuclear Deal (JCPOA) signed in 2015 is an example of high-level diplomatic efforts, although the current US administration has withdrawn from the deal. The tensions that emerged after leaving this agreement created new challenges, especially in terms of regional security and stability. The climate change crisis is also a major focus of US foreign policy. Increasing global awareness encourages governments to participate in international agreements, such as the Paris Agreement. Additionally, the US seeks to lead global green initiatives by collaborating with other countries to address the impacts of climate change. In the digital era, US foreign policy has begun to focus on cyber and disinformation issues. Cyberattacks perpetrated by state and non-state actors are a major concern, creating a need to protect critical infrastructure and US national security. Changes in US foreign policy cannot be separated from domestic influences. Internal political debates often influence international priorities. Issues such as immigration, health care and the domestic economy often dominate US leaders’ attention, potentially diverting focus from global challenges. In the face of these changes, it is important for the US to manage complex relationships with various countries. Effective diplomacy and strengthening strategic alliances will be critical to safeguarding global interests. Additionally, establishing cooperation with international organizations, such as the UN, will help increase the legitimacy of US actions on the world stage. Facing ever-changing geopolitical challenges, US foreign policy must remain flexible and responsive. A proactive, data-driven and collaborative approach will determine America’s place in the global arena today and in the future. Through a holistic strategy, the US can play a leadership role in addressing global challenges, while maintaining its own security and international interests.